WM411C.1
Double stud, installed between floors.
The WM411C.1 is a double metal stud system splitting up the performance characteristics of Knauf Exterior Wall onto two stud frames. The interior stud frame is constructed as a shaft wall, providing airtightness and protection against falling. The exterior stud frame is completed with intermediate cladding and provides weather protection and transfers wind loads into the primary structure. The basic system is constructed as a classical facade infill between the columns and floors of the skeleton construction and the space between the two metal stud frames is left blank resulting in a 20 mm air layer.
WM411C.1 – System Layers
- UW-stud (min. corrosion protection C3)
- Steel angles (to be provided on site)
- CW-stud (min. corrosion protection C3)
- AQUAPANEL® Water Barrier
- AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Outdoor
- AQUAPANEL® Joint Tape (10 cm)
- AQUAPANEL® Joint Filler – grey
- AQUAPANEL® Reinforcing Mesh
- AQUAPANEL® Exterior Basecoat – white
- AQUAPANEL® Basecoat Primer
- Render fi nish (e.g. AQUAPANEL® Exterior Mineral Finish – white)
- Insulation board (thickness: 100 mm) according to local needs
- Gypsum board: Knauf Wallboard impregnated 12.5 mm (GKBI/H2)1 or similar
- UW-stud 50/40/06 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- CW-stud 50/50/06 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- Insulation board (thickness: 50 mm) according to local needs
- Vapour barrier: Knauf Insulation LDS 10 silk or similar
- Gypsum board: Knauf Wallboard impregnated 12.5 mm (GKBI/H2)1 or similar
1acc. to DIN 18180 and EN 520
Economic advantages (example: floor extension)
Building perimeter: 58 m
Floor height: 3 m
Exterior wall surface per floor: 174 m²
Number of floors: 1
Wall opening share: 25%
Opening surface: 43.50 m²
Net exterior wall surface: 130.50 m²
Cost-influencing factors*
Based on a specific intended use and location of a building, the dead weight is the most important factor of the total loads, which can be influenced by planning. Basically, lower loads enable a leaner structure and thus significant cost savings.
The calculation of explicit cost saving amounts for load-bearing walls and ceilings as well as foundations achieved by the weight reduction when using Knauf Exterior Wall is generically not possible, since this is always to be calculated project specifically on the basis of floor plan geometries, spans and the load-bearing capacity of the building ground.
With a longer production time, considerable costs for personnel employment are involved. Additionally, a longer building process means a longer supply of building site facilities, where costs should be minimised. The efficient construction of Knauf Exterior Wall as well as the shorter drying times and the significantly lower weather dependency compared to massive constructions offer a considerable cost reduction potential and entails much less risk in the planning of the construction process.
*Figures are based on a study by Prof. Dr. Bert Bielefeld of the University of Siegen, Germany.
All measurements use comparable U-values.
***The time saved due to the immediate window installation is taken into account
Revenue-influencing factors*
By using Knauf Exterior Wall more space can be realised inside the building with a comparable thermal insulation value. Consequently, rentable space and resulting rental income are larger. For landlords and investors, the best possible use of the land area plays an important role. By using Knauf Exterior Wall, this area efficiency and land utilisation are significantly improved.
*Figures are based on a study by Prof. Dr. Bert Bielefeld of the University of Siegen, Germany. All measurements use comparable U-values.
**Rental income based (in €/m² per month): €10.00
Preliminary design acc. to EN 1993-1-3 for CW 150/50/06
The span table is used to show how the substructure needs to be dimensioned as a function of wind loads [kN/m²] according to national standards and the span widths of the profiles, which are determined (usually synonymous with floor height).
The substructure shown in the table comprises only the CW-stud 150/50/06. The fixing to the load-bearing structure is not considered. It is assumed that the profile is planked with a suitable board both sides (AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Outdoor on the exteriors and a gypsum based board on the interiors). An angle fixing of the profile to connect to the load-bearing structure is recommended in any case.
Please note: the table provides an indication for preliminary design purposes only. This must be subsequently verified by an object-related structural calculation, following the relevant local norms and guidelines. The choice of anchors and further fixing materials (e.g. angle fixing) to transfer the loads into the primary structure should only be made on the basis of this project-specific structural design.
Further profile solutions can be demonstrated by a simple proof of the fitness for use shown by a deformation limit of max. f = l/300.
Building-physical features
| Feature | Value |
|---|---|
|
Heat transition coefficient* Uw=U0+Uwb, Profile (undisturbed wall, metal profiles are taken into account) | 0.302 W/m²K |
|
Thermal bridge heat transfer at slab edge (linear thermal transmittance) Psi-value/Ψ-value | 0.449 W/mK |
| Sound reduction index Rw* | 59 dB** |
| Fire performance | - (i↔o) |
*Valid for a stud spacing of 600 mm and exterior profile web height of 100 mm
**Calculated with INSUL (v9.0.1)
Temperature fields and isotherms*
*Valid for a stud spacing of 600 mm and exterior profile web height of 100 mm
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RELATED REFERENCES
WM411C.2
Double stud, installed in front of floors.
By front-mounting the exterior stud frame of the WM411C.2 system on L-metal profi les, a signifi cant amount of the insulation inside Knauf Exterior Wall is moved in front of the building fl oors. This solution signifi cantly reduces thermal bridges to a minimum, whereby the heat is reliably kept inside the building in winter and outside during the summer. Here the thermal performance is further enhanced by installing an intermediate layer of insulation between the exterior and the interior stud frame. That way a thermal performance of 0.216 W/(m²K) is accomplished, which is outstanding taking into account that the wall thickness is still only 245 mm.
WM411C.2 – System Layers
- L-metal profile incl. anchoring device and decoupling from building
- UW-stud (min. corrosion protection C3)
- Steel angles (to be provided on site)
- CW-stud (min. corrosion protection C3)
- AQUAPANEL® Water Barrier
- AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Outdoor
- AQUAPANEL® Joint Tape (10 cm)
- AQUAPANEL® Joint Filler – grey
- AQUAPANEL® Reinforcing Mesh
- AQUAPANEL® Exterior Basecoat – white
- AQUAPANEL® Basecoat Primer
- Render finish (e.g. AQUAPANEL® Exterior Mineral Finish – white)
- Insulation board (thickness: 100 mm) according to local needs
- Gypsum board: Knauf Wallboard impregnated 12.5 mm (GKBI/H2)1 or similar
- UW-stud 50/40/06 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- CW-stud 50/50/06 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- Insulation roll (thickness: 40 mm) according to local needs
- Insulation board (thickness: 50 mm) according to local needs
- Gypsum board: Knauf Wallboard impregnated 12.5 mm (GKBI/H2)1 or similar
- Vapour barrier: Knauf Insulation LDS 10 silk or similar
- Gypsum board: Knauf Wallboard impregnated 12.5 mm (GKBI/H2)1 or similar
1acc. to DIN 18180 and EN 520
Economic advantages (example: office building)
Building perimeter: 88.1 m
Floor height: 3.5 m
Exterior wall surface per floor: 308.35 m²
Number of floors: 3
Wall opening share: 33%
Opening surface: 305.26 m²
Net exterior wall surface: 619.78 m²
Cost-influencing factors*
Based on a specific intended use and location of a building, the dead weight is the most important factor of the total loads, which can be influenced by planning. Basically, lower loads enable a leaner structure and thus significant cost savings.
The calculation of explicit cost saving amounts for load-bearing walls and ceilings as well as foundations achieved by the weight reduction when using Knauf Exterior Wall is generically not possible, since this is always to be calculated project specifically on the basis of floor plan geometries, spans and the load-bearing capacity of the building ground.
With a longer production time, considerable costs for personnel employment are involved. Additionally, a longer building process means a longer supply of building site facilities, where costs should be minimised. The efficient construction of Knauf Exterior Wall as well as the shorter drying times and the significantly lower weather dependency compared to massive constructions offer a considerable cost reduction potential and entails much less risk in the planning of the construction process.
*Figures are based on a study by Prof. Dr. Bert Bielefeld of the University of Siegen, Germany.
All measurements use comparable U-values.
Revenue-influencing factors*
By using Knauf Exterior Wall more space can be realised inside the building with a comparable thermal insulation value. Consequently, rentable space and resulting rental income are larger. For landlords and investors, the best possible use of the land area plays an important role. By using Knauf Exterior Wall, this area efficiency and land utilisation are significantly improved.
*Figures are based on a study by Prof. Dr. Bert Bielefeld of the University of Siegen, Germany. All measurements use comparable U-values.
**Rental income based (in €/m² per month): €10.00
Preliminary design acc. to EN 1993-1-3 for CW 150/50/06
The span table is used to show how the substructure needs to be dimensioned as a function of wind loads [kN/m²] according to national standards and the span widths of the profiles, which are determined (usually synonymous with floor height).
The substructure shown in the table comprises only the CW-stud 150/50/06. The fixing to the load-bearing structure is not considered. It is assumed that the profile is planked with a suitable board both sides (AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Outdoor on the exteriors and a gypsum based board on the interiors). An angle fixing of the profile to connect to the load-bearing structure is recommended in any case.
Please note: the table provides an indication for preliminary design purposes only. This must be subsequently verified by an object-related structural calculation, following the relevant local norms and guidelines. The choice of anchors and further fixing materials (e.g. angle fixing) to transfer the loads into the primary structure should only be made on the basis of this project-specific structural design.
Further profile solutions can be demonstrated by a simple proof of the fitness for use shown by a deformation limit of max. f = l/300.
Building-physical features
| Feature | Value |
|---|---|
|
Heat transition coefficient* Uw=U0+Uwb, Profile (undisturbed wall, metal profiles are taken into account) | 0.216 W/m²K |
|
Thermal bridge heat transfer at slab edge (linear thermal transmittance) Psi-value/Ψ-value | 0.324 W/mK |
| Sound reduction index Rw* | 67 dB** |
| Fire performance | EI30 (i↔o) |
* Valid for a stud spacing of 600 mm and exterior profile web height of 100 mm
Temperature fields and isotherms*
*Valid for a stud spacing of 600 mm and exterior profile web height of 100 mm
**Calculated with INSUL (v9.0.1)
WM411C.3
Double stud, KEW profile, installed between floors.
Knauf AQUAPANEL® has developed the high-performance Knauf Exterior Wall facade profiles 150, which represent the substructure of the exterior stud frame. These profiles, combined with the associated Knauf Exterior Wall Steel Angle 70x135/100, the Knauf Exterior Wall Screw 4.8x20 and an appropriate concrete screw (e.g. Hilti HUS-HR 6), enable a preliminary static design according to EUROCODE 3, which accelerates the planning process for architects and structural engineers, because it takes all elements of Knauf Exterior Wall into account including the anchoring means, which transfer the loads into the primary construction. Additionally these profiles offer the necessary space for 150 mm thick insulation panels resulting – in this WM411C.3 system – in a thermal performance of 0.185 W/(m²K).
WM411C.3 – System Layers
- Knauf Exterior Wall Steel Angle 70x135/100 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- Knauf Exterior Wall Facade Profile 150 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- AQUAPANEL® Water Barrier
- AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Outdoor
- AQUAPANEL® Joint Tape (10 cm)
- AQUAPANEL® Joint Filler – grey
- AQUAPANEL® Reinforcing Mesh
- AQUAPANEL® Exterior Basecoat – white
- AQUAPANEL® Basecoat Primer
- AQUAPANEL® Exterior Mineral Finish – white
- Insulation board (thickness: 150 mm) according to local needs (e.g. glass wool, 18 kg/m³)
- Gypsum board: Knauf Diamant 12.5 mm (GKFI/DFH2IR)1 or similar
- UW-stud 75/40/06 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- CW-stud 75/50/06 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- Insulation roll (thickness: 40 mm) according to local needs (e.g. glass wool, 18 kg/m³)
- Insulation board (thickness: 75 mm) according to local needs (e.g. glass wool, 18 kg/m³)
- Gypsum board: Knauf Diamant 12.5 mm (GKFI/DFH2IR)1 or similar
- Vapour barrier: Knauf Insulation LDS 10 silk or similar
- Gypsum board: Knauf Diamant 12.5 mm (GKFI/DFH2IR)1 or similar
1acc. to DIN 18180 and EN 520
Economic advantages (example: high-rise residential building)
Building perimeter: 144 m
Floor height: 3 m
Exterior wall surface per floor: 432 m²
Number of floors: 9
Wall opening share: 25%
Opening surface: 972 m²
Net exterior wall surface: 2,916 m²
Only one third of the building is shown. Assumption: 3 living units per floor at 240.83m² incl. hallway.
Cost-influencing factors*
Based on a specific intended use and location of a building, the dead weight is the most important factor of the total loads, which can be influenced by planning. Basically, lower loads enable a leaner structure and thus significant cost savings.
The calculation of explicit cost saving amounts for load-bearing walls and ceilings as well as foundations achieved by the weight reduction when using Knauf Exterior Wall is generically not possible, since this is always to be calculated project specifically on the basis of floor plan geometries, spans and the load-bearing capacity of the building ground.
With a longer production time, considerable costs for personnel employment are involved. Additionally, a longer building process means a longer supply of building site facilities, where costs should be minimised. The efficient construction of Knauf Exterior Wall as well as the shorter drying times and the significantly lower weather dependency compared to massive constructions offer a considerable cost reduction potential and entails much less risk in the planning of the construction process.
*Figures are based on a study by Prof. Dr. Bert Bielefeld of the University of Siegen, Germany.
All measurements use comparable U-values.
Revenue-influencing factors*
By using Knauf Exterior Wall more space can be realised inside the building with a comparable thermal insulation value. Consequently, rentable space and resulting rental income are larger. For landlords and investors, the best possible use of the land area plays an important role. By using Knauf Exterior Wall, this area efficiency and land utilisation are significantly improved.
*Figures are based on a study by Prof. Dr. Bert Bielefeld of the University of Siegen, Germany. All measurements use comparable U-values.
**Rental income based (in €/m² per month): €10.00
Preliminary design acc. to EN 1993-1-3 for Knauf Exterior Wall Profile 150
The span table is used to show how the substructure needs to be dimensioned as a function of wind loads [kN/m²] according to national standards and the span widths of the profiles, which are determined (usually synonymous with floor height).
The substructure shown in the table comprises a combination of the KEW profile 150, fixed to the KEW steel angle 70x135/100 with a KEW screw.
Please note: the table provides an indication for preliminary design purposes only. This must be subsequently verified by an object-related structural calculation, following the relevant local norms and guidelines. The choice of anchors to transfer the loads into the primary structure should only be made on the basis of this project-specific structural design.
Building-physical features
| Feature | Value |
|---|---|
|
Heat transition coefficient* Uw=U0+Uwb, Profile (undisturbed wall, metal profiles are taken into account) | 0.185 W/m²K |
|
Thermal bridge heat transfer at slab edge (linear thermal transmittance) Psi-value/Ψ-value | 0.172 W/mK |
| Sound reduction index Rw* | 73.8 dB** |
| Fire performance | EI30 (i↔o) |
* Valid for a stud spacing of 600 mm
**See test certificate PB SWW15 029
Temperature fields and isotherms*
*Valid for a stud spacing of 600 mm
WM412C.1
Double stud, KEW profile, third-party rainscreen facade, installed between floors.
In this WM412C.1 system Knauf Exterior Wall facade profiles 150 are boxed in one another, providing the necessary support to allow for the attachment of cladding materials. The cladding is mounted to the AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Outdoor simply using a hat profile and because the required insulation is already installed inside the drywall, the advantages of drywall and rear-ventilated rainscreen facades are combined in a very thin construction of only 355 mm. With this solution the versatility of AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Outdoor becomes apparent: rather than simply being just a render carrier, it provides the basis for a wide range of decorative claddings, such as aluminium, granite stone and glass.
WM412C.1 – System Layers
- Knauf Exterior Wall Steel Angle 70x135/100 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- Knauf Exterior Wall Facade Profile 150 (min. corrosion protection C3) – boxed
- AQUAPANEL® Water Barrier
- AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Outdoor
- AQUAPANEL® Joint Tape (10 cm)
- AQUAPANEL® Joint Filler – grey
- Hat profile (to be provided on site)
- Rear-ventilated rainscreen facade system (to be offered by third-party supplier)
- Insulation board (thickness: 150 mm) according to local needs
- Gypsum board: Knauf Diamant 12.5 mm (GKFI/DFH2IR)1 or similar
- UW-stud 75/40/06 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- CW-stud 75/50/06 (min. corrosion protection C3)
- Insulation roll (thickness: 40 mm) according to local needs
- Insulation board (thickness: 75 mm) according to local needs
- Gypsum board: Knauf Diamant 12.5 mm (GKFI/DFH2IR)1 or similar
- Vapour barrier: Knauf Insulation LDS 10 silk or similar
- Gypsum board: Knauf Diamant 12.5 mm (GKFI/DFH2IR)1 or similar
1acc. to DIN 18180 and EN 520
Economic advantages (example: hospital extension)
Building perimeter: 61 m
Floor height: 4 m
Exterior wall surface per floor: 244 m²
Number of floors: 2
Wall opening share: 25%
Opening surface: 122 m²
Net exterior wall surface: 366 m²
Cost-influencing factors*
Based on a specific intended use and location of a building, the dead weight is the most important factor of the total loads, which can be influenced by planning. Basically, lower loads enable a leaner structure and thus significant cost savings.
The calculation of explicit cost saving amounts for load-bearing walls and ceilings as well as foundations achieved by the weight reduction when using Knauf Exterior Wall is generically not possible, since this is always to be calculated project specifically on the basis of floor plan geometries, spans and the load-bearing capacity of the building ground.
With a longer production time, considerable costs for personnel employment are involved. Additionally, a longer building process means a longer supply of building site facilities, where costs should be minimised. The efficient construction of Knauf Exterior Wall as well as the shorter drying times and the significantly lower weather dependency compared to massive constructions offer a considerable cost reduction potential and entails much less risk in the planning of the construction process.
*Figures are based on a study by Prof. Dr. Bert Bielefeld of the University of Siegen, Germany.
All measurements use comparable U-values.
Revenue-influencing factors*
By using Knauf Exterior Wall more space can be realised inside the building with a comparable thermal insulation value. Consequently, rentable space and resulting rental income are larger. For landlords and investors, the best possible use of the land area plays an important role. By using Knauf Exterior Wall, this area efficiency and land utilisation are significantly improved.
*Figures are based on a study by Prof. Dr. Bert Bielefeld of the University of Siegen, Germany. All measurements use comparable U-values.
**Rental income based (in €/m² per month): €10.00
Preliminary design acc. to EN 1993-1-3 for Knauf Exterior Wall Profile 150 (boxed)
The span table is used to show how the substructure needs to be dimensioned as a function of wind loads [kN/m²] according to national standards and the span widths of the profiles, which are determined (usually synonymous with floor height).
The substructure shown in the table comprises a combination of the two boxed KEW profile 150, fixed to the KEW steel angle 70x135/100 with a KEW screw (boxed construction of the profile is needed to carry the loads of the third-party rainscreen facade).
Please note: the table provides an indication for preliminary design purposes only. This must be subsequently verified by an object-related structural calculation, following the relevant local norms and guidelines. The choice of anchors to transfer the loads into the primary structure should only be made on the basis of this project-specific structural design.
Building-physical features
| Feature | Value |
|---|---|
|
Heat transition coefficient* Uw=U0+Uwb, Profile (undisturbed wall, metal profiles are taken into account) | 0.189 W/m²K |
|
Thermal bridge heat transfer at slab edge (linear thermal transmittance) Psi-value/Ψ-value | 0.172 W/mK |
| Sound reduction index Rw* | 73.8 dB** |
| Fire performance | EI30 (i↔o) |
* Valid for a stud spacing of 600 mm
**See test certificate PB SWW15 029 (Impact of rear-ventilated facade construction is not taken into account).
Temperature fields and isotherms*
*Valid for a stud spacing of 600 mm
Note: Please consult the local partner organisation of Knauf Aquapanel for more information on country-specific building requirements and legislation. Technical advice on this website is based on standard criteria.